Study 1
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation trainingresults in enhanced activation of spinalstabilizing muscles during spinal loading andimprovements in pain ratings
"Analysis of results revealed clinically and statistically significantimprovements in indicators of both muscle groups' performance,as evidenced by ultrasound evaluation of activation duringvoluntary activity. These improvements were associated withsignificant improvements in self reported pain levels, suggestingthat NMES has an important role to play in Chronic Lower BackPain rehabilitation.
Coghlan, S., Crowe, L., McCarthypersson, U., Minogue, C., &Caulfield, B. Retrieved fromhttps://pubmedncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22256103
Study 2
The effects of neuromuscular electricalstimulation on the activation of deep lumbarstabilizing muscles of patients with lumbardegenerative kyphosis.
In conclusion, lumbar stabilizing muscles of patients withLumbar Degenerative Kyphosis were significantly activated byNMES. Protocol A+B maximally stimulated all the studied deepspinal stabilizing muscles (LM, TrA and ol) as evidenced by RUSl.The protocol A+B may aid the development of practical NMESsystems for LDK patients who suffer from postural deformity andLower Back Pain"
Kim, S. Y., Kim, J. H, Jung, G. S., Baek, s. O., Jones, R., & Ahn, S. H.(2016, February. Retrieved fromhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4792980
Study3
Clinical effects of electrical stimulation therapyon lumbar disc herniation-induced sciaticaand its influence on peripheral ROS level.
"In conclusion, in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation-induced sciatica, electrical stimulation therapy can effectivelyreduce the pain degree, relieve the clinical symptoms and signs,improve the peripheral ROS level and prevent the oxidativedamage of myocardial tissues and other complications, so it isworthy of clinical application and promotion.'
Wang, L., Fan, W., Yu, C., Lang, M., & sun, G.(2018, September)Retrieved fromhttps://www.ncbinlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6146184
Study 4
Trunk Muscle Training Augmented withNeuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Appearsto lmprove Function in Older Adults withChronic Low Back Pain: A RandomizedPreliminary Trial
"In conclusion, this preliminary investigation has demonstratedthat TMT+NMES is a safe and acceptable intervention that mayhave the potential to improve physical function in older adultswith chronic LBP. It is particularly interesting to note thatTMT+NMES appears to have the potential to result in longer termfunctional improvements than our passive control approachwhich was grounded in the use of passive treatments."
Hicks, G. E., sions, J. M., Velasco, T. O., & Manal, T.J.(2016October). Retrieved fromhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4935645/
Study 5
Electrical muscle stimulation as an adjunct toexercise therapy in the treatment of nonacutelow back pain:a randomized trial.
"At the 2-month follow-up interval, subjects in the treatmentgroup had statistically significantly improved lumbar spinefunction compared with the control subjects. This effectcontinued during the last 4 months of the study after electricalstimulation had been discontinued. This suggests that electricalmuscle stimulation can be an effective adjunctive treatmentmodality for nonacute low back pain. The effects of thiscombined therapy seem to last beyond the duration of electricalstimulation treatment."
Glaser, J. A., Baltz, M. A., Nietert, P. J., & Bensen, C. V.(2001October). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14622808